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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
Volume 1

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Open AccessHighly AccessReview

The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire: Dimensions and Practical
Applications
======================================================================

Bonnie Bruce email and James F Fries email

School of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Rheumatology Stanford
University, USA

author email corresponding author email

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2003, 1:20doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-20

Published:

1. June 2003

Abstract

The ability to effectively measure health-related quality-of-life
longitudinally is central to describing the impacts of disease,
treatment, or other insults, including normal aging, upon the patient.
Over the last two decades, assessment of patient health status has
undergone a dramatic paradigm shift, evolving from a predominant
reliance on biochemical and physical measurements, such as erythrocyte
sedimentation rate, lipid profiles, or radiographs, to an emphasis
upon health outcomes based on the patient's personal appreciation of
their illness. The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), published in
1980, was among the first instruments based on generic,
patient-centered dimensions. The HAQ was designed to represent a model
of patient-oriented outcome assessment and has played a major role in
many diverse areas such as prediction of successful aging, inversion
of the therapeutic pyramid in rheumatoid arthritis (RA),
quantification of NSAID gastropathy, development of risk factor models
for osteoarthrosis, and examination of mortality risks in RA.

Evidenced by its use over the past two decades in diverse settings,
the HAQ has established itself as a valuable, effective, and sensitive
tool for measurement of health status. It is available in more than 60
languages and is supported by a bibliography of more than 500
references. It has increased the credibility and use of validated
self-report measurement techniques as a quantifiable set of hard data
endpoints and has contributed to a new appreciation of outcome
assessment. In this article, information regarding the HAQ's
development, content, dissemination and reference sources for its
uses, translations, and validations are provided.

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