Information about vitamin b6 is used for





 

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VITAMIN B
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Information and Facts
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)  Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)   Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
 Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)   Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)  Vitamin
B12 (Cobalamin)  Vitamin Bc (Folic Acid)  Vitamin H (Biotin)

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Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)

B1 is a water soluble vitamin and is a member of the Vitamin B
complex. Also known as Thiamin and Aneurin.  
The biochemically active derivative of thiamine is the pyrophosphate
ester of thiamine, Thiamine pyrophosphate which is concerned in a
number of important metabolic processes, including: 

decarboxylation of alpha-oxoglutaric acid in citric acid cycle
conversion of alanine, via pyruvic acid to acetyl coenzyme A

B1 is the most unstable of the Vitamin B complex. Isolated from rice
polishing's in 1926 by Drs. B.C.P. Jansen and W.F. Donath.
B1

Vitamin B1 Chemical Structure, C12H18Cl2H4OS.H20.
FUNCTION

anti-neuritic factor
co-enzyme converting carbohydrate into energy in the nerve
 tissues, muscles and heart

improves mental attitude
necessary for proper metabolism of sugar and starch to provide
 energy

promotes growth
releases energy from carbohydrate, alcohol and fat

FOOD SOURCES
blackstrap molasses

bran
Brewer's Yeast

eggs
corn

meats, especially pork, liver
oatmeal

raw nuts
soybeans and soybean products, such as tofu

wheat germ
milk

whole brown rice
whole wheat

EFFECTIVE WITH
B-Complex

B2
Folic Acid

Manganese
Niacin

Vitamin C
Vitamin E

USED FOR
brain and nervous function

energy
an insect repellant

facial paralysis (Bell's Palsy)
improving heart function in heart disease

improving mental ability in children
lumbago

optic neuritis
relieving dental post-operative pain

sciatica
treating indigestion

trigeminal neuralgia
INCREASED INTAKES NEEDED

after surgery
by alcohol drinkers

by habitual antacid takers
during fever

during pregnancy and breastfeeding
in increased physical activity and other stressful situations

for old people
on high carbohydrate diets

DESTROYED BY
alkalis, such as baking powder and baking soda

sulfur dioxide
leaching into cooking water

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
depression

digestive upsets
fatigue

impairment of memory
irritability

lack of concentration
loss of appetite

nausea
muscle weakness

DEFICIENCY LEADS TO
Beriberi (in very severe deficiency)

constipation with abdominal pains 
polyneuritics (the most general symptom is general nervous
 atrophy)

tenderness in the calves of the legs
tingling and burning in the toes and soles of the feet

SYMPTOMS OF TOXICITY
usually no toxicity problems with oral dosage

Occasionally injections of Thiamin can cause hypersensitivity in
certain people. Symptoms include:
breathing difficulties

cyanosis (skin turns blue)
generalized itching and sweating

itching and welling at injection site
low blood pressure

nausea
sneezing and wheezing

swollen tongue, lips and eyes
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Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
B2 is a water soluble vitamin and is a member of the Vitamin B
complex. Also known as Riboflavin, Lactoflavin, Vitamin G. Isolated
from whey in 1933 by Dr. R. Khun.

B2
Vitamin B2  Chemical Structure, C17H20N4O6

FUNCTION
aids in growth and reproduction

alleviates eye fatigue
eliminates soreness of mouth and lips

helps burn carbohydrates, fat and protein
important for good muscle tone

involved in metabolism of protein, protein fats, and carbohydrates
necessary for antibody production

necessary for cell respiration and growth
necessary for good vision, skin, hair and nails

necessary for red blood cell formation
precursor of flavoproteins, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and
flavin mononucleotide

releases energy from protein, fat and carbohydrate
FOOD SOURCES

bran
Brewer's Yeast

cheese
eggs, especially whites of egg

fish
green leafy vegetables

whole grain breads
milk

organ meats, such as liver, kidney and tongue
pulses, such as lentils

soy products, such as tofu 
yoghurt

mushrooms
broccoli

EFFECTIVE WITH
B-Complex

B6
Niacin

Vitamin C
USED FOR

lip and tongue health
skin health

growth
metabolism of carbohydrates

fats
protiens

vision
gastric and duodenal ulcers

mouth ulcers
ulceration of the cornea and sometimes cataracts

yellow food coloring
INCREASED INTAKES NEEDED

by alcohol drinkers
by tobacco smokers

during pregnancy and breastfeeding
if taking contraceptive pill

DESTROYED BY
heat but only in alkaline solution

leaching into cooking fluids
unstable to light

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
bloodshot eyes, eyes sensitive to light and tired eyes

dizziness
excessive hair loss

insomnia
scaling of skin around nose, mouth, forehead, ears and scalp

slow learning
trembling

DEFICIENCY LEADS TO
burning sensation like grit under eyelids

cracks and sores in the corners of the mouth
inflammation of the tongue and lips

SYMPTOMS OF TOXICITY
Riboflavin toxicity is virtually unknown

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Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

B3 is a water soluble vitamin and is a member of the Vitamin B
complex. Also known as Niacin, Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide, Vitamin
B5 in Europe, Vitamin PP (Pellagra preventing or PP Factor) or
3-pyridine carboxylic.
It is produced in the body from the amino acid Tryptophane and can be
prepared synthetically by oxidizing Nicotine with a variety of agents
or more cheaply from Pyridine or Quinoline.

Nicotinic Acid was discovered in 1867 but was shown to be a vitamin in
1937 by Dr. Conrad Elvehjem.
B3

Vitamin B3 Chemical Structure, C6H5NO2
FUNCTION

essential for proper utilization of brain and nerves
involved in proper activity of the nervous system

involved in the oxidative release of energy from food
lowers  LDL (low density lipids) or bad cholesterol

necessary for healthy skin and tongue
promotes healthy digestive system

raises HDL (high density lipids) or good cholesterol
synthesizes sex hormones

FOOD SOURCES
avocados

bran
Brewer's Yeast

brown rice
cheese

dates, figs
dessicated liver

dried fruits
eggs

figs and prunes
fish, especially fatty fish and whitefish

lean meats
nuts

oats
peanuts

poultry, especially chicken
pulses, such as lentils

soy products, such as tofu
wheat

wheat germ
whole wheat products

EFFECTIVE WITH
B-Complex

B1
B2

Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin C

USED FOR
arthritis

improving circulation
increases circulation

cholesterol levels
brain function

possibly inhibiting cancer
preventing severity of migraine headaches

protecting the skin
reducing high blood pressure

energy
metabolism

digestive system
schizophrenia (high doses)

weaning alcoholics off alcohol
weaning tobacco smokers off tobacco

INCREASED INTAKES NEEDED
by alcohol drinkers

during pregnancy and breastfeeding
if taking anti-leukemia drugs based on 6-mercaptopurine

DESTROYED BY
leaching into water

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
dermatitis

diarrhea
dry scaly skin

general fatigue
indigestion

inflamed digestive tract
inflamed mouth

insomnia
irritability

loss of appetite
minor skin complaints

muscular weakness
nausea

rashes
stress and depression associated with the nervous system

vomiting
wrinkles and coarse texture of skin

DEFICIENCY LEADS TO
death

dementia
pellagra

SYMPTOMS OF TOXICITY
abdominal cramps

boils
depression

diarrhea
dry skin

flushing of face
itching

liver malfunction
mild gout symptoms

nausea
pounding headache

sensation of heat
CAUTION

Avoid B3 when suffering from gastric or duodenal ulcers
B3

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Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

B5 is a water soluble vitamin and is a member of the Vitamin B
complex. Also known as Pantothenic (from panthos meaning 'everywhere')
Acid, Vitamin B3 in Europe. Its natural form is D-pantothenic acid. It
is usually taken as the supplement Calcium Pantothenate. In cosmetics
it usually appears as dexpanthenol and pantothenol. Pantothenic Acid
is an oil which is required by higher animals and some micro-organisms
and is present in many natural products and is a constituent of
coenzyme A. Isolated from rice husks in 1939 by Dr. R.J. Williams.
B5

FUNCTION
aids in normal growth and development

converts cholesterol into anti-stress hormones
converts choline to brain substance acetylcholine necessary for a
 healthy nervous system

essential for energy and metabolism
helps to convert fat and sugar to energy

helps form certain hormones and antibodies
involved in the formation of fatty acids, polyketides and the
 synthesis of terpenoids and steroids

necessary for maintenance of healthy digestive tract, skin, and
 glands
FOOD SOURCES

bran
Brewer's Yeast

cheese
chicken

dried fruit
egg yolk

fresh nuts
fruits

green leafy vegetables
maize

oats
organ meats, especially pig liver and kidney

poultry
pulses, such as lentils

roasted nuts
root vegetables

soy products, such as tofu
unpolished brown rice

whole grain cereal
yoghurt

Substantial amounts produced by intestinal bacteria.
EFFECTIVE WITH

B-Complex
B6

B12
Biotin

Folic Acid
Vitamin C

USED FOR
decreasing allergic skin reactions in childrenbrain
 functionnervous system

builds antibodies
cholesterol and fat control

digestive function
detoxifying drugs in the body

overcoming excess mucous secretion in respiratory allergies in
 adults
rheumatoid arthritis

INCREASED INTAKES NEEDED
after antibiotics

after physical injury
during stress situations

if taking Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Viomycin to lessen
 side effects and toxicity
to increase resistance to infection

to reduce allergy effects on respiratory system, skin and
 gastrointestinal tract
DESTROYED BY

deep freezing and thawing
dry-processing of food

heat in presence of acid (vinegar) and alkali (bicarbonate)
leaching into cooking water

roasting of meat
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY

abdominal pain
arm and leg cramps

depression
fast heartbeat

fatigue
headaches

heel tenderness
indigestion

insomnia
loss of appetite

low blood pressure
neuritis

psychosis
respiratory infections

DEFICIENCY LEADS TO
Deficiency can lead to 'burning feet syndrome'. Symptoms include:

aching, burning and throbbing in feet
sharp, stabbing pains that spread to the knee

SYMPTOMS OF TOXICITY
No toxicity symptoms reported from Calcium Pantothenate

B5
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Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
B6 is a water soluble vitamin and is a member of the Vitamin B
complex. Also known as Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,
5-bis(hydroxy-methyl) pyridine. It is present in supplements as
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride and Pryidoxine Phosphate. Isolated from liver
in 1934 by Dr. Paul Gyorgy.

B6
Vitamin B6 Chemical Structure, C8H11NO3

FUNCTION
essential for protein metabolism

essential for the formation of hemoglobin, the pigment in the
 blood that carries oxygen around the body 
essential for utilization of proteins and fats

helps in normal function of nervous system
is needed also by certain bacteria

necessary for production of red blood cells and antibodies which
 fight disease
needed for many body functions

FOOD SOURCES
bananas

beef
Brewer's Yeast

brown rice husks
cabbage

dried fruits
eggs

fish, fatty, whitefish
green leafy vegetables

maize
meats

milk
nuts, especially pecans

oats
organ meats, especially pig liver

potatoes
pulses, such as lentils

root vegetables
soy products, such as tofu

peppers
wheat bran

wheat germ
whole grain

EFFECTIVE WITH
B-Complex

B1
B2

Magnesium
Pantothenic Acid

Potassium
Vitamin C

INCREASED INTAKES NEEDED
by women just before their period

during pregnancy and breastfeeding
for alcohol drinkers

for tobacco smokers
for women with morning sickness

for women with diabetes induced by pregnancy
if on a high protein diet

if taking contraceptive pill, estrogen or hormone replacement
 pills
if taking the drugs Isoniazid, Hydralazine, Penicillamine

USED FOR
nerve disorder

red blood formation
body immunity

hand numbness
metabolism of protein and fat

kidney stones
anemia

asthma
convulsions

depression
mental retardation

premenstrual tension
urticaria

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
breast discomfort

inflammation of the tongue
irritability

migraine headaches
puffy fingers and ankles during menstrual cycle

scaly skin near the eyes, nose and mouth
split lips

swollen abdomen
tiredness

DEFICIENCY LEADS TO
anemia

atherosclerosis
convulsions in infants

depression
kidney stones

peripheral neuritis (inflammation and degeneration of nerve
 endings)
skin complaints in adults

SYMPTOMS OF TOXICITY
very low toxicity levels

Very rarely peripheral neuropathy may occur. Symptoms include:
numbness in feet

unstable gait (walking movement) leading to unsteady walking
difficulty in handling small objects

numbness and clumsiness of the hands
increased blood plasma levels

It is also incompatible with the drug Levodopa for Parkinson's Disease
B6

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Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

B12 is a water soluble vitamin and is a member of the Vitamin B
complex. Also known as Cobalamin (due to its cobalt factor),
cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin.Vitamin B12 is produced by the growth
of certain micro-organisms and also occurs in the liver. Vitamin B12
has been prepared synthetically.
Isolated in liver in 1948 by Dr. E. Smith.

Vitamin B12 Chemical Structure, C63H90CoN14O14P
B12

FUNCTION
key nutrient for new growth

maintains health of nervous system, including brain cells
necessary for normal digestion and absorption of foods

necessary protein synthesis and carbohydrate and fat metabolism
vital for the formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow

protects nerves
involved in the biosynthesis of methyl groups of choline and
 methionine

FOOD SOURCES
dairy products

eggs
fish

kidney
meats, especially cod liver

muscles, sardines, oysters
EFFECTIVE WITH

B-Complex
B6

Choline
Folic Acid

Inositol
Potassium

Vitamin C
INCREASED INTAKES NEEDED

by alcohol drinkers
by geriatric patients

by heavy tobacco smokers
by those suffering from malabsorption

by those suffering from intestinal parasites
by vegetarians and vegans

during pregnancy
USED FOR

a general tonic
tongue health

nervous system
improving appetite/metabolism

mental confusion
moodiness

muscle fatigue
neuritis (mainly in the aged)

paranoia
pernicious anemia/formation of red blood cells

poor memory
providing extra energy

body cell production
 

tiredness
DESTROYED BY

boiling in the presence of alkali (bicarbonate)
SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY

excessive pigmentation of the hands (affects colored people only)
menstrual disorders

mental deterioration
nerve degeneration causing tremors

psychosis
smooth, sore tongue

DEFICIENCY LEADS TO
Addison's Disease

pernicious anemia
The vitamin deficiency is often due to failure to absorb B12 from the
stomach and can be alleviated by giving megadoses of the intrinsic
anti-pernicious anaemia factor (a mucoprotein) which promotes
absorption.

SYMPTOMS OF TOXICITY
toxicity is virtually unknown

occasional allergic reactions to B12 injections
B12

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Folic Acid

Folic acid is a water soluble vitamin and is a member of the Vitamin B
complex. Also known as Folacin, pteroyl-L-glutamic acid (PGA), vitamin
Bc or vitamin M. Folic acid and its derivatives (mostly the tri and
heptaglutamyl peptides) are widespread in nature. It is a specific
growth factor for certain micro-organisms. Found in yeast and liver in
1935.
Folic Acid (vitamin Bc) Chemical structureC19H19N7O6

Folic Acid
FUNCTION

involved in the formation of new cells
involved in the metabolism of ribonucleic acids (RNA) and
 deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), essential for protein synthesis,
 formation of blood and transmission of genetic code

essential during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube
 defects (birth defects affecting the brain and/or spinal
 cord)essential for the normal growth and development of the fetus
involved in the biosynthesis of purines, serines and glycine

involved in some functions associated with Vitamin B12
necessary for building resistance to diseases in the thymus gland
 of new born babies and infants

may reduce the risk of cervical dysplasia
necessary for red blood cell production

FOOD SOURCES
bananas

Brewers's Yeast
citrus fruits, peeled

eggs
fatty fish

fresh nuts
green leafy vegetables

meats, especially pig liver and kidney
milk

oats
pulses, such as lentils

roasted nuts
soy products, such as tofu

unpolished brown rice
wheat germ

wheat bran
wheat grains

EFFECTIVE WITH
B-Complex

B12
Biotin

Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin C

INCREASED INTAKES NEEDED
by alcohol drinkers

by the elderly
during pregnancy and breastfeeding

if taking contraceptive pill
if taking the drugs, Aspirin, Cholestyramine,  Isethionate,
 Isoniazid, Methotrexate,  Pentamidime, Phenytoin (may be
 neutralized), Primidone, Pyrimethamine, Triamterene,Trimethoprim

USED FOR
malabsorption in geriatric patients

megaloblastic anemia
mental deterioration

psychosis
schizophrenia

DESTROYED BY
leached into cooking water

processing and cooking of vegetables, fruits and dairy products
unstable to oxygen at high temperatures but protected by Vitamin C

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
breathlessness

fatigue
irritability

sleeplessness
weakness

DEFICIENCY LEADS TO
Various conditions relating to childbirth:

abortion
birth defects, such as neural tube defect which causes spina
 bifida

hemorrhage following birth
premature birth

premature separation of the placenta from the uterus
toxemia

As well as:
megaloblastic anemia (red blood cells are large and uneven with a
 shortened life span)

mild mental symptoms, such as forgetfulness and confusion
SYMPTOMS OF TOXICITY

Folic Acid has a low toxicity but occasionally the following symptoms
occur:
abdominal distension

flatulence (gas/wind)
irritability

loss of appetite
nausea

over-activity
sleep disturbance

symptoms of fever
temperature rise

Long term high doses may cause Vitamin B12 losses from the body
Antagonism with the epilepsy drug, Phenytoin

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Vitamin H (Biotin)

Biotin is a water soluble vitamin and a member of Vitamin B complex.
Also known as Vitamin H, Bios II, Co-enzyme R. Its natural form is
D-biotin. It was isolated from liver in 1941 by Dr. Paul Gyorgy.
FUNCTION

co-enzyme in wide variety of body metabolic reactions
needed for production of energy from carbohydrates, fats and
 proteins

needed for interconversions
essential for maintenance of healthy skin, hair, sweat glands,
 nerves, bone marrow and glands producing sex hormones

FOOD SOURCE
Brewer's Yeast

cheese
eggs

maize
fish, fatty, white

meats, especially pig liver and kidney
milk

oats
wheat bran

wheat germ
wholemeal grains

nuts
tomatoes

unpolished brown rice
vegetables

yoghurt
INCREASED INTAKES NEEDED

by newborn children being fed on dried milk
during stress situations

when on antibiotic therapy
USED FOR

seborrheic dermatitis
Leiner's Disease

alopecia (hair falling out in handfuls)
scalp disease

skin complaints/skin health
tongue health

body linings
nervous system

brain function
muscle health

cholesterol levels
hair health

preventing cot death (given to babies)
DESTROYED BY

leaching into cooking
drying of milk for baby foods

SYMPTOMS OF DEFICIENCY
In babies:

dry scaling of the scalp and face
persistent diarrhea

In adults:
depression

diminished reflexes
fatigue

hair loss
increase in blood cholesterol levels

loss of appetite
muscular pains

nausea
pale, smooth tongue

sleepiness
DEFICIENCY LEADS TO

specific anemia
deficiency may be induced by excessive intake of raw egg whites,
 which contain the protein Avidin which immobilizes Biotin

SYMPTOMS OF TOXICITY
toxicity unknown

Biotin
High quality Vitamin B can be purchased from Global Herbal Supplies

Return to the Vitamin Information Resource Center
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More Vitamin Information: 
Beta Carotene  Biotin  Choline & Choline/ Inositol  Folic Acid
 Inositol  Multivitamins  Vitamin A  Vitamin B-1 (Thiamin) 
Vitamin B-12 (Cyanocobalamin)  Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin)  Vitamin
B-3(Niacin)  Vitamin B-5 (Pantothenic Acid)  Vitamin B-6
(Pyridoxine)  Vitamin B-Complex  Vitamin C/ Bioflavonoids 
Vitamin D  Vitamin E  Vitamin K

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