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sago
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Dictionary: sa·go (sā'gō) pronunciation

Home > Library > Literature & Language > Dictionary
n., pl., -gos.
A powdery starch obtained from the trunks of certain sago palms and
used in Asia as a food thickener and textile stiffener.
Malay sagu, mealy pith.

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Britannica Concise Encyclopedia:
sago
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Top Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
sago
Food starch prepared from carbohydrate material stored in the trunks
of several palms, chiefly Metroxylon rumphii and M. sagu, sago palms
native to Indonesia. Composed of 88% carbohydrate, sago is a basic
food of the South Pacific, where it is used in meal form to prepare
soups, cakes, and puddings. Elsewhere its use in cookery is mainly as
a pudding and sauce thickener. In industry it is used as a textile
stiffener. The thick trunk grows to 30 ft (9 m) tall in low marshy
areas. At 15 years the core of the mature trunk is engorged with
starchy material. If allowed to form and ripen, the fruit absorbs the
starch, leaving the stem hollow and dying. Cultivated plants thus are
cut down when the flower spike appears, and the starchy pith is
extracted from the stems.
For more information on sago, visit Britannica.com.

Food and Nutrition:
sago
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Top Home > Library > Food & Cooking > Food and Nutrition
Starchy grains prepared from the pith of the swamp sago (Metroxylon
sagu) and the sugar palm (Arenga pinnuta); almost pure starch and
sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), free from protein.

Food Lover's Companion:
sago
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Top Home > Library > Food & Cooking > Food Lover's Companion
SAY-goh A starch extracted from the sago (and other tropical) palms
that is processed into flour, meal and pearl sago, which is similar to
tapioca. South Pacific cooks frequently use sago for baking and for
thickening soups, puddings and other desserts. In the Orient and in
India it's used as a flour and in the United States it's occasionally
used as a thickener.

Archaeology Dictionary:
sago
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Top Home > Library > Science > Archaeology Dictionary
Sp
Palm (Metroxylon sagu) native to Indonesia and Samoa which stores
large amounts of starch in its trunk prior to flowering. The starch
can be washed out of the chopped pith of felled trees and then cooked
as a kind of porridge or in cakes. The antiquity of its exploitation
is unknown, but it was widely used in Indonesia and Melanesia.

Columbia Encyclopedia:
sago
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Top Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Columbia Encyclopediasago (sā'gō)
Malay, edible starch extracted from the pithlike center of several E
Asian palms (chiefly Metroxylon sagu) or sometimes of cycads. The
starch is an important item in the diet in some parts of E Asia and is
exported for use in foods (e.g., puddings) and for stiffening
textiles. Sago is obtained by grinding the stem content of a filled
mature sago palm that is beginning to flower into powder and washing
the starch free. For local use it is pulverized, but for the market it
is usually sieved and then heated to form granules. The florists' sago
palm is not a true palm but a cycad of the American genus Zamia. Z.
floridana, called wild sago or coontie, yields Florida arrowroot.
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Wikipedia:
Sago
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Top Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Wikipedia For other uses, see
Sago (disambiguation).
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.
Please improve this article if you can. (August 2008)

Text document with red question mark.svg
This article includes a list of references, related reading or
external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline
citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise
citations where appropriate. (April 2009)

Sago palms in New Guinea
Sago is a starch extracted from the pith of sago palm stems,
Metroxylon sagu. It is a major staple food for the lowland peoples of
New Guinea and the Moluccas, where it is called saksak and sagu. It is
traditionally cooked and eaten in various forms, such as rolled into
balls, mixed with boiling water to form a paste, or as a pancake.

Sago looks like many other starches, and both sago and tapioca are
produced commercially in the form of "pearls". Sago pearls are similar
in appearance to tapioca pearls, and the two may be used
interchangeably in some dishes. This similarity causes some confusion
in the names of dishes made with the pearls.
Because sago flour made from Metroxylon is the most widely used form,
this article discusses sago from Metroxylon unless otherwise
specified.

Contents
  1. Preparation
  1. Nutrition
  1. Uses
  1. Botany
  1. Cycad sago
  1. References
  1. External links
Preparation
-----------

Sago Palm being harvested for Sago production PNG.jpg
Sago starch filter PNG.jpg
Metroxylon sago is made through the following process:

1. The sago palm is felled.
2. The trunk is split lengthwise and the pith is removed.

3. The pith is crushed and kneaded to release the starch.
4. The pith is washed and strained to extract the starch from the
  fibrous residue.

5. The raw starch suspension is collected in a settling container.
Palms are felled just before flowering, when the stems are richest in
starch. One palm yields 150 to 300 kg of starch.

Nutrition
---------
Sago flour (from Metroxylon) is nearly pure carbohydrate and has very
little protein, vitamins, or minerals. However, as sago palms are
typically found in areas unsuited for other forms of agriculture, sago
cultivation is often the most ecologically appropriate form of
land-use, and the nutritional deficiencies of the food can often be
compensated for with other readily available foods.

One hundred grams of dry sago yields 355 calories, including an
average of 94 grams of carbohydrate, 0.2 grams of protein, 0.5 grams
of dietary fiber, 10 mg of calcium, 1.2 mg of iron, and negligible
amounts of fat, carotene, thiamine, and ascorbic acid.
Sago can be stored for weeks or months, although it is generally eaten
soon after it is processed.

Uses
----
Sago pancake

Sago starch is either baked (resulting in a product analogous to
bread, pancake, or biscuit) or mixed with boiling water to form a
paste. Sago can be made into steamed puddings such as sago plum
pudding, ground into a powder and used as a thickener for other
dishes, or used as a dense flour.
The starch is also used to treat fibre, making it easier to machine.
This process is called sizing and helps to bind the fibre, give it a
predictable slip for running on metal, standardise the level of
hydration of the fibre, and give the textile more body. Most cloth and
clothing has been sized; this leaves a residue which is removed in the
first wash.

In Indonesia and Malaysia, sago is a main staple of many traditional
communities in New Guinea, Borneo, Maluku, and Sumatra. In Brunei, it
is used for making the popular local cuisine called the ambuyat. It is
also used commercially in making noodles and white bread. Globally,
its principal use is in the form of tapioca-like "pearls" such as
those often found in drinks and smoothies. Pearl sago, a commercial
product, closely resembles pearl tapioca. Both typically are small
(about 2 mm diameter) dry, opaque balls. Both may be white (if very
pure) or colored naturally grey, brown or black, or artificially pink,
yellow, green, etc. When soaked and cooked, both become much larger,
translucent, soft and spongy. Both are widely used in South Asian
cuisine, in a variety of dishes, and around the world, usually in
puddings. In India, pearl sago is called javvarisi, or sabudana
("whole grain") and is used in a variety of dishes such as desserts
boiled with sweetened milk on occasion of religious fasts.
Sago starch is not just limited to its uses for the food industry, but
can also be used as a key material input in various industries such as
paper, plywood, and textile industry. Sago starch is used to make
adhesives, paper, ethanol, high fructose glucose syrup, maltodextrin,
cyclodextrin and monosodium glutamate.

Sago starch can converted further through fermentation to be used for
producing biodegradable plastic and ethanol (gasohol). Its residual
biomass can similarly be used as a feedstock for the production of
power and heat.
Because many traditional peoples rely on sago as their main food
staple, and because those supplies of sago are not unlimited, in some
areas commercial or industrial harvesting of wild stands of sago can
conflict with the food needs of local communities.

Pearl sago
Botany
------

The sago palm, Metroxylon sagu, is found in tropical lowland forest
and freshwater swamps across Southeast Asia and New Guinea and is the
primary source of sago flour. It tolerates a wide variety of soils and
may reach 30 meters in height. The palm genus Metroxylon contains
several species: two of these, M. salomonense and M. amicarum, are
less-important sources of sago in Melanesia and Micronesia.
Sago palms grow very quickly, up to 1.5m of vertical stem growth per
year. The stems are thick and either are self-supporting or have a
moderate climbing habit. The leaves are pinnate, not palmate. The
palms will only reproduce once before dying; they are harvested at the
age of 7 to 15 years, just before flowering, when the stems are full
of starch stored for use in reproduction.

In addition to its use as a food source, the leaves and spathe of the
sago palm are used for construction materials and for thatching roofs.
The fibre can be made into rope.
Cycad sago
----------

The sago cycad, Cycas revoluta, is a slow-growing wild or ornamental
plant. Its common names, "Sago Palm" and "King Sago Palm", are
misnomers since it is actually a cycad. Cycads are gymnosperms from
the family Cycadaceae; palms are angiosperms (flowering plants) from
the Arecaceae. The two taxa are completely unrelated. Interestingly,
cycads are also a type of living fossil, having survived since at
least the early Permian period.
Processed starch known as sago is made from this and other cycads. It
is a less-common food source for some peoples of the Pacific and
Indian Oceans. There are large biological and dietary differences
between the two types of sago. Unlike Metroxylon palms (discussed
above), cycads are highly poisonous: most parts of the plant contain
the neurotoxins cycasin1 and BMAA. Consumption of cycad seeds has
been implicated in the outbreak of Parkinson's Disease-like
neurological disorder in Guam and other locations in the Pacific.

Before any part of the plant may safely be eaten, the toxins must be
removed through extended processing. First, pith from the trunk, root,
and seeds is ground to a coarse flour and washed carefully to leach
out natural toxins. It is then dried and cooked, producing a starch
similar to tapioca or palm sago. Cycad sago is used for many of the
same purposes as palm sago.
References
----------

1. ^ "Plant toxin-induced liver damage - Cycasin". Health Grades
  Inc..
  http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/planttoxininducedliverdamagecycasin/intro.htm.
  Retrieved 2009-12-28.
Flach, M. and F. Rumawas, eds. (1996). Plant Resources of
 South-East Asia (PROSEA) No. 9: Plants Yielding Non-Seed
 Carbohydrates. Leiden: Blackhuys.

Lie, Goan-Hong. (1980). "The Comparative Nutritional Roles of Sago
 and Cassava in Indonesia." In: Stanton, W.R. and M. Flach, eds.,
 Sago: The Equatorial Swamp as a Natural Resource. The Hague,
 Boston, London: Martinus Nijhoff.
McClatchey, W., H.I. Manner, and C.R. Elevitch. (2005). Metroxylon
 amicarum, M. paulcoxii, M. sagu, M. salomonense, M. vitiense, and
 M. warburgii (sago palm), ver. 1.1. In: Elevitch, C.R. (ed.)
 Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Permanent
 Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawaii.

Pickell, D. (2002). Between the Tides: A Fascinating Journey Among
 the Kamoro of New Guinea. Singapore: Periplus Press.
Rauwerdink, Jan B. (1986). "An Essay on Metroxylon, the Sago
 Palm." Principes 30(4): 165-180.

Stanton, W.R. and M. Flach, eds., Sago: The Equatorial Swamp as a
 Natural Resource. The Hague, Boston, London: Martinus Nijhoff.
External links
--------------

Species profile for Metroxylon sagu
http://www.fao.org/ag/agA/AGAP/FRG/AFRIS/Data/416.HTM

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed
encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors
(see full disclaimer)
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Translations:
sago
----

Top Home > Library > Literature & Language > Translations Sago
Dansk (Danish)
n. - sago, sagogryn

Nederlands (Dutch)
sago(palm), sagomeel
Français (French)
n. - sagou

Deutsch (German)
n. - Sago
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (φυτολ.) σαγούτο, σάγονος

Italiano (Italian)
sago
Português (Portuguese)
n. - sagu (m), sagueiro (m) (Bot.)

Русский (Russian)
саго
Español (Spanish)
n. - sagú

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - sago, sagogryn
中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
西米, 西米椰子

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 西米, 西米椰子
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 사고 녹말, 사고 야자

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - サゴ
العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) دقيق نشوي يعد من لب نخل ألساغو, نخل هندي‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮עמילן מדקל-הסגו‬
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Copyrights:
Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights
reserved. Read more

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. ©
1994-2010 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
Food and Nutrition. A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. Copyright ©
1995, 2003, 2005 by A. E. Bender and D. A. Bender. All rights
reserved. Read more

Food Lover's Companion. Food Lover's Companion. Copyright © 2001 by
Barron's Educational Series, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
Archaeology Dictionary. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology.
Copyright © 2002, 2003 by Oxford University Press. All rights
reserved. Read more

Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth
Edition Copyright © 2010, Columbia University Press. Licensed from
Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/. Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia
article "Sago". Read more

Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights
reserved. Read more
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sagus

arum starch
toddy palm

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areng

coontie
cycad

cycadaceous
fecula

cycas
pudding

tapioca
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 Project)

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