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Medical Progress
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Volume 357:266-281
July 19, 2007

Number 3
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Vitamin D Deficiency
Michael F. Holick, M.D., Ph.D.
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PubMed Citation
Once foods were fortified with vitamin D and rickets appeared to have
been conquered, many health care professionals thought the major
health problems resulting from vitamin D deficiency had been resolved.
However, rickets can be considered the tip of the vitamin D–deficiency
iceberg. In fact, vitamin D deficiency remains common in children and
adults. In utero and during childhood, vitamin D deficiency can cause
growth retardation and skeletal deformities and may increase the risk
of hip fracture later in life. Vitamin D deficiency in adults can
precipitate or exacerbate osteopenia and osteoporosis, cause
osteomalacia and muscle weakness, and increase the . . . Full Text of
this Article

Sources and Metabolism of Vitamin D
Definition and Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency

Calcium, Phosphorus, and Bone Metabolism
Osteoporosis and Fracture

Muscle Strength and Falls
Nonskeletal Actions of Vitamin D

Latitude, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Chronic Diseases
Cancer

Autoimmune Diseases, Osteoarthritis, and Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disease

Vitamin D Deficiency and Other Disorders
Schizophrenia and Depression

Lung Function and Wheezing Illnesses
Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D Requirements and Treatment Strategies
Children and Adults

Breast-Fed Infants and Children
Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Malabsorption and Medication
Sunlight and Artificial Ultraviolet B Radiation

Vitamin D Intoxication
Conclusions

Source Information
From the Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition,
and Diabetes, the Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory,
Boston University Medical Center, Boston.

Address reprint requests to Dr. Holick at Boston University School of
Medicine, 715 Albany St., M-1013, Boston, MA 02118, or at
mfholick@bu.edu.
Related Letters:

Vitamin D Deficiency
Bouillon R., Norman A. W., Lips P., Cava R. C., Javier A. N. D., Howe
W. R., Dellavalle R., Baroncelli G. I., Holick M. F.
Extract  Full Text  PDF
N Engl J Med 2007; 357:1980-1982, Nov 8, 2007. Correspondence
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