vitamin d toxicity symptoms

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Vitamin Toxicity Symptoms

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Vitamin Toxicity Symptoms
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You can overdose on any vitamin supplement if you take it long enough
and in high enough doses. Since only the fat-soluble vitamins---A, D,
E and K---are stored in your body in greater-than-needed amounts, they
are the ones mostly like to reach toxic levels. Vitamin D has the
potential to be more toxic than any other vitamin. Vitamin E toxicity,
on the other hand, is uncommon, and when it does occur, it is less
serious than toxicity from vitamins A, D and K.

Skin and Hair Changes

An overdose of the synthetic form of vitamin K used in supplements can
cause red blood cells to burst and release their pigment, which will
give the skin a yellowish cast. An overdose can also lead to brain
damage. You might find vitamin K in multivitamin supplements, but
since higher doses can quickly reach toxic levels, single-vitamin
supplements are only available with a doctor's prescription.

Early signs of vitamin A toxicity include dry skin, hair, lips and
eyes. In severe cases, the skin will start to peel. Though not
technically toxic, too much vitamin A in the form of beta carotene can
result in carotenodermia, a deep yellow pigmentation of the skin,
including the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. This is
one of the few instances of vitamin overdose that can occur from
consuming too much of a particular type of food. In this case, because
beta carotene is not only a form of vitamin A but also a deep yellow
pigment, that pigment can build up in the body if you eat too many
carrots or other yellow-orange foods.

Digestive Discomfort

Very high doses of any vitamin, including water-soluble vitamins like
niacin and vitamin C that are not stored in the body, are likely to
cause some abdominal discomfort. These symptoms can include loss of
appetite, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and general digestive discomfort.

When gastrointestinal symptoms appear with vitamin D toxicity, they
may be the first signs of hypercalcemia, or too much calcium in the
blood. One of the primary roles of vitamin D in the body is to
facilitate and regulate calcium absorption into the body. When there
is an overabundance of vitamin D, too much calcium is absorbed.
Hypercalcemia can lead to organ damage.

Other Indications

With most vitamins, headaches, along with irritability, drowsiness and
sometimes weakness will follow other signs of toxicity.

Severe vitamin B6 toxicity can result in a condition known as sensory
neuropathy, which causes pain and numbness in fingers and toes and
sometimes difficulty walking.

Frequent urination is a sign of vitamin D toxicity, and if overdosing
continues, kidney stones and eventually kidney failure can occur.

Although it is unlikely, red blood cell breakage is possible with
vitamin E toxicity as a result of the vitamin's interference with
normal blood clotting activity in the body. There are usually no
changes in skin color as with vitamin K, but hemorrhaging can result.

References
----------

Merck

Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 5th Ed., Cataldo, DeBruyne and
 Whitney, 1999

Nutrition Concepts and Controversies, 7th Ed., Sizer and Whitney,
 1997

Molly McAdams

About this Author

Molly McAdams is a writer in New York City. She has been covering
health and lifestyle topics for various print and online publishers
since 1989. Molly has written more than 200 articles for
Livestrong.com and e-how.com. McAdams has a Master of Science degree
in nutrition.

Last updated on: 10/27/09

Article reviewed by Brad Walters

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